During an anaphylactic reaction, the primary and most important treatment is epinephrine (adrenaline). Epinephrine is administered as the first-line treatment through an auto-injector, such as an EpiPen. It rapidly counteracts the allergic response, constricts blood vessels, relaxes airway muscles, and helps maintain blood pressure.
Antihistamines, while they can help relieve certain symptoms associated with anaphylaxis, are considered secondary or adjunctive treatments. They work by blocking the effects of histamine, a chemical released during an allergic reaction.
When it comes to antihistamines for anaphylaxis, there is no specific antihistamine that is universally considered the “best” for all individuals in this context. However, the most commonly used antihistamines in the management of anaphylaxis are:
- Diphenhydramine (Benadryl): Diphenhydramine is a first-generation antihistamine that is readily available and can help reduce itching, hives, and other allergic symptoms. It is often used as an adjunctive treatment alongside epinephrine during anaphylaxis. It can be administered orally or intravenously.
- Cetirizine (Zyrtec): Cetirizine is a second-generation antihistamine that is also used in the management of allergic reactions. It is known for its relatively low sedative effects compared to some other first-generation antihistamines. Cetirizine can be taken orally.
It’s important to note that antihistamines alone are not sufficient for the treatment of anaphylaxis. They are typically used as part of a comprehensive treatment approach, along with epinephrine and other measures, under the guidance of healthcare professionals.
If you have been prescribed antihistamines for anaphylaxis or have a history of anaphylaxis, it is important to follow your healthcare provider’s recommendations and emergency action plan. Always carry your prescribed medications, such as epinephrine auto-injectors, and consult with your healthcare provider for specific instructions on their use.